Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic Totally Explained

Everything about The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic totally explained

The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (; Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsalisticheskaya Respublika), also known as the Lithuanian SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union. It was established after Soviet Occupation of Lithuania in 1940 and existed to 1990 (although there was a failed attempt to establish government in Lithuania by Bolshevik military force in 1918-1919).

History

Bolshevik attempts to seize the power

The Lithuanian SSR was first proclaimed on December 16, 1918, by the First Congress of the Lithuanian Communist Party supported by bolshevik armed forces. It failed to create a de facto government with any popular support, contrary to the the Council of Lithuania, that formed National Cabinet of Lithuania. Two months later on February 27, 1919, it was joined by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic to form the Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (LBSSR, or "Litbel"), which existed for only six months, until August 25, 1919. A treaty was signed, the Soviet-Lithuanian Treaty of 1920, between the Soviets and the re-established Lithuanian State. It has been suggested that the Soviet defeat in the Polish-Soviet War prevented the Soviets from invading Lithuania and turning it into a Soviet republic in the interwar period.

World War II and occupation

Later, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of (August 1939), between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, stated that Lithuania was to be included into the German "sphere of influence", but after the World War II broke out in September 1939 was amended to transfer Lithuania to the Soviet sphere in exchange for Lublin and parts of the Warsaw province of Poland, originally ascribed to the Soviet Union, but by that time already occupied by German forces. The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was established on on July 21 1940 (after communist rule was forced upon Lithuania following the Soviet invasion of June 15 1940). On August 3, 1940, a communist government, which had been hastily formed, announced that the Lithuanian SSR would become a part of the Soviet Union, for example the 14th constituent republic of the USSR. Its territory was subsequently invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, but with the German reverse of its military fortunes and eventual retreat, Soviet rule was re-established there in July 1944.

Legal status

The United States, United Kingdom, and other western powers considered the occupation of Lithuania by the USSR illegal, citing the Stimson Doctrine, in 1940, but recognized all borders of the USSR at post-World War II conferences. In spite of this, the United States refused to recognize the annexation of Lithuania or the other Baltic States, by the Soviet Union, at any time of the existence of the USSR.
In addition to the human and material losses suffered due to war, several waves of deportations affected Lithuania. During the mass deportation campaign of June 14-18, 1941, about 12,600 people were deported to Siberia without investigation or trial, 3,600 people were imprisoned, and more than 1,000 were killed. After the Lithuanian SSR was re-established in 1944, an estimated 120,000 to 300,000 Lithuanians were either killed or deported to Siberia and other remote parts of the Soviet Union.

Trivia

A minor planet 2577 Litva discovered in 1975 by a Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Further Information

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